It can be either the sole breeding procedure or it can be one component of a progeny evaluation program (Lonnquist, 1964). Genomic selection (GS) based on whole-genome markers might improve mass selection efficiency. Takeaway is that individual selection either produces high levels of inbreeding or else limited genetic gain. Mass Selection: When a large number of plants of similar phenotype are selected and their seeds are mixed together to constitute a new variety is called mass . Results are given from an experiment to monitor progress. Look out for flies! It is nevertheless inefficient mainly because of the inaccuracy of single-plant evaluation. Mass selection, or individual selection, is based on characteristics of the individuals under selection as opposed to selection based on the performance of their relatives. 1. a breeding program and involves identifying the products of genetic segregation and recombination and finding the best of the bunch as reliably and as quickly as possible, while minimising the risk of failing to retain a superior line. b. Within family selection uses the best individual from each family for breeding. I. The method is generally used for handling segregation generation may be grouped into three categories. Selection is the oldest breeding method. E. g F2, F3 etc. Since cross-pollinated species are naturally hybrid (heterozygous) for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred (homozygous . Selection is of two types viz., natural selection and artificial selection. In breeding industries, a challenging problem is how to keep genetic diversity over generations. Question 1. Mass selection is an important method for genetic improvement of allogamous crops. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. The most basic estimated breeding value is ranking the animals based on their own performance. Hybrid varieties The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn (maize). Breeding methods 1. However, early work to make genetic improvement using mass selectionwas unsuccessful [17]-[20]. This method is also called Mass Selection, or Selection on Own Performance. Process of hybridization is difficult because of. Seeds are selected and composite to raise like," the genetic aspects of plant breeding were enigmatic until the relatively recent work of Mendel. Mass selection, or individual selection, is based on characteristics of the individuals under selection as opposed to selection based on the performance of their relatives. It is of two types, viz. undesirable effects, the breeding methods in the crop is designed in such a way that there will be a minimum inbreeding. Varieties developed by mass selection have wide adaptability, wide genetic base and stability. Of use for the improvement of land races. Whereas practices such as mass-spawning can be highly effective for producing large amounts of progeny with limited facilities, when maintaining genetic variation is a priority mass-spawning should only occur in the context of a structured rotational breeding strategy (e.g. Ammar ELAKHDAR. Think through the methods being used in breeding for varroa tolerance. Despite the simplicity of the method and the very limited resources that were devoted to this breeding method it resulted in two higher yielding varieties. Various breeding approaches that are more commonly used for genetic improvement of crop plants are known as general breeding methods. Read Paper. The selection is based on the phenotypic . Selection is of two types viz., natural selection and artificial selection. The following points highlight the four main of plant breeding methods. (iv) Progeny selection. The methods are: 1. A Mass Selection B Back cross method C Heterosis breeding D Pure line selection _____ is an ancient method of crop improvement. The collected seeds are allowed to raise the second generation. 19. Pure-line selection Forty-four genotypes derived from eight C3 populations and six check varieties were evaluated for agronomic traits and yield at Khon Kaen and screened for downy mildew . By plotting the intensity of rejection against its severity on a . Progress under mass selection is generally small, the variety developed is not as uniform as a pureline, and when progeny test is not done the breeding value of the selected plants is not known. A hybrid population from the cross Norin 36 [Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 36] x Li-chih-chiang was bred (1) by the pedigree method, (2) by mass selection, the grain being mixed in lots, and (3) by bulk breeding at three different locations. The present study may encourage application of GS to mass selection breeding in allogamous crops. The use of diploid potatoes in British breeding, and the historical development of breeding methods, are reviewed in relation to the present mass-selection scheme. This is also called Mass Selection. It also helps in the purifying the existing pure line varieties. It generally involves three distinct steps. eCollection 2018. d. 20. Mass selection retains genetic variability. Selection. Progeny testing - is a offspring resulting from selected parents ( Family selection).In this method a group of progenies (offrprings) are used as an aid to increase accuracy in the selection ofa breeding stock. A. Incompatibility and sterility. It finds wide use in the breeding of certain forage species, which are not important enough economically to justify more detailed attention. Therefore, GS is anticipated as an important breeding method to support mass selection of allogamous crops. We now believe this is likely to be Single trait selection: mass selection, line selection, multiple stage selection; Breeding methods 2. Specifically, mass selection is a breeding method where the genetic values of individual plants are estimated and then based on these estimates plants are selected to be the parents of the following generation. Answers. Meaning and Features of Mass Selection: Mass selection is one of the oldest methods of crop improvement. The result of mass selection was the entire population becoming resistant to trachea mites in just a few generations. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. Mass selection : Seeds of best plants showing desired characters are collected from a mixed population. The breeding methods that have proved successful with self-pollinated species are: (1) mass selection; (2) pure-line selection; (3) hybridization, with the segregating generations handled by the pedigree method, the bulk method, or by the backcross method; and (4) development of hybrid varieties.. Mass selection. Between family selection uses the whole family for selection. Recurrent Selection 4. Optimum designs for breeding programmes under mass selection with an application in fish breeding B. Villanueva1, J. Three cycles of modified mass selection were carried out for population improvement. Question 1. For example, of you want to breed large rabbits, then you rank the animals according to size and only use the largest as parents . The cost efficiency of GS was higher than that of PS with identical population size when the genotyping cost was lower than about one-fourth of the phenotyping cost. The main advantages of the mass selection are: The selection is done on a large number of populations. Generally, they belong to artificial selection methods along with the clonal selection, which is another selection method. Seeds from the selected plants are bulked into composite for the next generation without progeny . Population improvement; Inbred line development; Evaluating hybrids and combining ability; Selection methods 2 Mass selection is a type of plant breeding in which a heterozygous variety with genetic variations is developed by mixing several pure lines. Mass selection, with or without progeny test, is perhaps the simplest and least expensive of plant-breeding procedures. Mass Selection Method of Plant Breeding | Agriculture RS Rajput | Procedure of Mass Selection Method in Plant Breeding | Plant Breeding Method Mass Selection. (v) Synthetic and composite breeding etc. Which method of crop improvement can be practised by a farmer if he is inexperienced? Ans. Clonal Selection. Rapid, simple and least expensive of plant- breeding procedures. Which method of crop improvement can be practised by a farmer if he is inexperienced? Mass selection, with or without progeny test, is perhaps the simplest and least expensive of plant-breeding procedures. When we talk about selection as plant breeders, we are referring to artificial selection — we walk into our field and advance a subset of plant individuals (by saving their seeds/tubers/cuttings and replanting them) that meet our objectives. The selected plants are allowed to open pollinate i.e to mate at random. Question 2. (ii) Pureline selection. Hybrid varieties . They are listed below: (i) Plant introduction. (b) mass selection (c) hybrid vigour (d) introduction. Merits of mass selection method of plant breeding are as given below Varieties developed by mass selection have wide adaptability, wide genetic base and stable. This Paper. Selection is done within the plots and not among the plots. In other words, it is a method of breeding in which individual plants are selected . This is because mass selection increases the occurrence of the desirable genes in a population. A Selection B Introduction C Hybridization D Mutagenesis _____is the oldest selection methods for crop improvement A Mass selection B Pure line selection C Pedigree selection D Recurrent selection 2018 Mar 21;9:276. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00276. Mass selection. Demerits of Mass Selection. Potential of Genomic Selection in Mass Selection Breeding of an Allogamous Crop: An Empirical Study to Increase Yield of Common Buckwheat Front Plant Sci. A short summary of this paper. Selection criteria and methods are described. Ans. Retains considerable genetic variability Of use for the improvement of land races. Ans. The development of science-based plant breeding is marked by the shift from unconscious mass selection towards conscious rational attempts at adaptation, characterised by the use of the Mendelian principles of heredity and segregation, which led to the development of controlled hybridisation, relying upon inheritance-focused methodical . A. Woolliams2 and B. Gjerde3 Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG 2Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS 3AKVAFORSK, PO Box 5010, N-1432 As, Norway Abstract Mass selection is also one of the best plant breeding methods to enhance germplasm and develop improved cultivars today. (iii) Mass selection. Download Download PDF. Authors Shiori Yabe 1 . Mass Selection The method involves the selection of similar plants on the basis of phenotype. Presented by Patel Yogesh D. M. Sc. Mass Selection: Mass selection is the oldest method of breeding commonly used for cross pollinated crops. To investigate genetic variation and identify breeding signatures in mass selected lines of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), three sixth-generation selected lines and four wild populations were assessed using 103 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The most basic way is to rank the animals according to their phenotype and select the best ones for breeding. Mass selection - procedure for evolving a variety by mass selection modification of mass selection - merits, demerits and achievements 9. 1988). This is the basis for all crop improvement methods. Mass Selection 2. Prior to 1909, nearly all maize breeding was done by farmers or farmer/seedsmen, who used mass selection as their main breeding method (Hallauer et al. Plant Breeding multiple choice questions. i) Pedigree Method ii) Bulk Method iii) Back Cross Method The objectives […] 2 Methods of Plant Breeding. Artificial selection is of three types: mass selection, pureline selection and clonal selection. ),2nd Semester Reg. The characteristics such as the height of the plant, size and colour of the grain etc. A computer is used to document and randomize the plantings. Other articles where mass selection is discussed: animal breeding: Methods of selection: …of selection are individual or mass selection, within and between family selection, sibling selection, and progeny testing, with many variations. I. Looking back through time, this is how crops where . 2. The first breeding programs for aquatic species used individual or mass selection, particularly for growth rate, which is of large economic importance and is easy to record on breeding candidates. Mass selection refers to a methods of crop improvement in which individual plants are selected on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population, their seeds are . Genomic selection (GS) based on whole-genome markers might improve mass selection efficiency. 0 votes. The breeding populations inherited from this period of mass selection can be classified in two complementary groups (A and B) based on the characteristics of their bunch production. Selection is practiced between and within progeny families Data on reaction to diseases and insects and grain quality etc. Mass selection is a different approach that is implemented by choosing a very large population to start with, applying a strong selective pressure, then breeding from the survivors. Method of Plant Breeding in Self Pollinated Plants - Pedigree Methods Mass selection and pure line selection cannot be applied to segregating population. Especially in mass selection, which is still used in the breeding of various allogamous crops, the acceleration of breeding cycles and the possibility of pollen control with GS will enhance the genetic gain per unit time (Yabe et al., 2013, 2014b). It is a modification of pedigree method. . Artificial selection is of three types: mass selection, pureline selection and clonal selection. C. Susceptibility to mutations. Modified Mass Selection Also known as stratified mass selection or grid method of mass selection. Selection procedures used in plant breeding have gradually developed over a vary long time span, in fact since settled agriculture was first undertaken. Pure line selection is a type of plant breeding in which development of a variety which is highly uniform is done with the involvement of a single plant. However, it does have its limitations. Mass selection is a method of crop improvement for both the self-pollinated and the cross pollinated plants. Mass selection could be called appropriately the granddaddy of all plant selection methods, because farmers of many different cultures have used it for centuries to improve many crops. :04-AGRMA-01404-2015 "An Assignment on " Mass selection method in plant breeding'' 2. Selection is the most ancient and basic procedure in plant breeding. B. (Agri. Artificial male sterility can be obtained for hybridisation experiments with the help of (a) NAA (b) 2, 4-D (c) Maeic hydraside (d) All of these. 2007). Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Selection. Mass selection is a type of plant breeding in which a heterozygous variety with genetic variations is developed by mixing several pure lines. Instead of applying the principles of mass selection, the breeding efforts have been focused on individual selection with associated inherent weaknesses. SELECTION F It improves the local varieties of crops. Various selection procedures are used by breeders (see below). The present study may encourage application of GS to mass selection breeding in allogamous crops. Genotyping costs are decreasing rapidly. In each case, the progenies were taken to the F6 and testing was performed in the F7 and F8. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Chapter 8.1.1: Mass selection. It is an easy method in which easily observable characters are considered. (a) Clonal selection (b) Mass selection It was used 10,000 years ago to gradually change weedy grasses into the cereals—grain crops that today supply three-fourths of man's energy and over half of his protein. Method # 1. Rapid, simple and least expensive of plant-breeding procedures. The greatest attribute of mass selection is simplicity. We compared intra-varietal variation of two rice varieties (Ashoka 200F and Ashoka 900F) produced by a very simple bulk breeding method (mass selection with no line selection at any stage) with . The pedigree method proved superior to the bulk method . It is one of the simplest and most common methods employed in breeding programmes, where the character-istic to be improved is easy to measure. Mass selection and pure line selection are two types of selective breeding methods used to improve crops. Pedigree Selection The most popular breeding method in rice. Pure Line Selection 3. In this method, individual plants are selected on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population, their seeds are bulked and used to grow the next generation. It is nevertheless inefficient mainly because of the inaccuracy of single-plant evaluation. It is one of the simplest and most common methods employed in breeding programmes, where the character-istic to be improved is easy to measure. This type of selection is a refined version of the mass selection procedure and differs as follows: Visually selected individuals out of the base population undergo progeny testing Individuals selected on basis of the progeny test data are crossed with each other in every possible way to produce seed to form the new base population. This modification is suggested by GARDNER in 1961. 6. mass selection. Applications of Mass Selection: In case of self-pollinated crops, mass selection has two major applications. Hence, mass selection is an effective breeding method where selection pressures (either exerted by the natural environment or the breeder) are sufficiently high. Line Breeding: bulk, pedigree, backcross; Selection methods 1. are scored starting F4 3. Phase 4 Mass selection | Plant Breeding Method by Tanisha GangradeHello friendsI am Tanisha Gangrade.Welcome to our YouTube channel TG Agri. At the end, they will be multiplied and distributed to the farmers for cultivation. 8. Specifically, mass selection is a breeding method where the decision to select a plant as a parent of the next generation is based on the performance of that plant. It was proposed by Harrington in 1937. In mass selection, seeds are collected from . This process is carried out for seven or eight generations. Improvement of local varieties: Mass selection is man's oldest plant breeding method. In performing mass selection in fish breeding, we usually apply the selection severity coefficient or the rejection rigidity factor (V) which is calculated by applying the equation (2) where n is the number of individuals selected, and N is the total number of fish grown. The area of Massachusetts and Rhode Island forming the northwest boundary of Buzzards Bay, from Little Compton RI to Wareham, MA, has come to be known as the South Coast, or the more stylized "Southcoast". What are the methods of plant breeding? 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