The Gender Gap Index ranges from 0 (signifying complete gender inequality) to 1 (signifying complete equality). Gender inequality has been more stubborn than anticipated and in . This strategy sees gender as a power relation. Opportunities for women in business leadership Page 37 2. Contact. Gender inequality as a cause of violence against women also underpins approaches to prevention by organisations such as the World Health Organization (World Health Organization (WHO), 2010), and, in Australia, VicHealth (VicHealth, 2007), as well as much of the research on the topic (Yodanis, 2004). Contact with … The timing of this forum was critical. Gender equality update 27 | The Future of Women migrant Workers. Men instead were seen as the providers of the household and women handled all the household motherly duties. The Pros And Cons Of Gender Inequality. For example, compared to its ninth-place ranking on the WEF gender gap index, the Philippines ranked only 78th in the 2014 United Nations Development Program’s Gender Inequality Index. Author Bio. 746 Words3 Pages. Deep-rooted structural inequalities and discriminatory gender stereotypes continue to limit women’s full and equal participation in the social, economic and political sphere. Gender in the Pacific. Toksave Pacific Gender Resource aims to address gender inequality in the Pacific by ensuring quality Pacific research and knowledge is discoverable and accessible. UN Women publications by offices in the Asia and the Pacific Region. 6. Colleagues and distinguished guests: It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the first Asian Development Bank (ADB) Gender Forum. Gender inequality in the workforce has developed throughout history. If anything, the pandemic has underscored the critical need to address gender inequality if we want to successfully combat the global pandemic and the climate crisis. Please try again later. Currently, the Asia-Pacific region’s record on gender equality remains unsatisfactory despite progress in key areas in some countries. Deep-rooted structural inequalities and discriminatory gender stereotypes continue to limit women’s full and equal participation in the social, economic and political sphere. The Human inequality coefficient for Papua New Guinea 29.6is equal to … Gender inequality in the Solomon Islands appears to have increased considerably due to the ethnic conflict limiting women’s participation in the work force and access to education. This article was written as part of the curriculum for the Bachelor of Music in Music The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges in our sea of islands, but it has also presented us the … However, the regional variations that exist show that things don’t have to be this way. These include low levels of women’s political representation; poor working conditions; violence against women; increased risk of HIV/AIDS and STIs; declining access to customary land rights and low levels of legal literacy about rights to land and property; and culturally-enforced discrimination and inequality of women. Furthermore, women are bearing the burden of caring for people who Gender inequality in the familial, social, and economic structures of our society is built on a foundation of sexism and misogyny. Leaders understand that gender inequality is imposing a high personal, social and economic cost on Pacific people and nations, and that improved gender equality will make a significant contribution to creating a prosperous, stable and secure Pacific for all current and future generations. Early adolescence is where gender inequalities most markedly emerge, according to new research from across 40 low- and middle-income countries in Asia and the Pacific. Fiji, the best scoring Pacific island country, was ranked only 78 th globally. There is no one Asia Pacific story on gender inequality Large growth dividend from advancing women’s equality Comprehensive measures needed from all stakeholders 18 37 51 In brief Page vi The path to parity: An Asia Pacific overview Page 1 1. Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which men and women are not treated equally. World Development Report. many areas of life women’s inequalities have … Japan scored a 1.00, or complete equality, in the areas of literacy and enrollment in primary and secondary education. Breaking Through: Gender equality in Asia & the Pacific Posted on April 25, 2012 In 2008, Global Fund for Women launched the Breakthrough Project – a three-year, $2.2 million investment to catalyze strategic, breakthrough actions … Australia Page 59 3. Advising Professor: Professor Nataly LorinkovaIn this paper, Genevieve details the environment in which women in the Asia-Pacific region work. A United Nations representative in the Pacific Nicolas Burniat says gender inequality is at the heart of pandemic levels of violence against women in the region. Gender Inequality in the Music Industry Issadora Tulalian University of the Pacific, i_tulalian@u.pacific.edu Issadora Tulalian (2022) is pursuing a degree in Music Industry Studies. Australia Page 59 3. 3 IUCN 2010: Economic value of the Pacific Ocean to the Pacific Island Countries and Territories 4 World Bank, 2012. and natural resource management as ongoing challenges to the realization of gender equality and women’s empowerment. But growth and development have not been enough to attain gender equality in all its dimensions. Having few livelihood options, women often seek work opportunities elsewhere to improve their family’s economic conditions. In fact, female enrollments increased in tertiary education by 41 million between 2000 and 2016, resulting in participation levels in this area being in favor of females in many parts of Asia-Pacific today. Gender equality in Asia and the Pacific Currently, the Asia-Pacific region’s record on gender equality remains unsatisfactory despite progress in key areas in some countries. There is no one Asia Pacific story on gender inequality Large growth dividend from advancing women’s equality Comprehensive measures needed from all stakeholders 18 37 51 In brief Page vi The path to parity: An Asia Pacific overview Page 1 1. The climate and resource crises, as well as global inequality, have not disappeared during COVID-19. Work on gender equality therefore aims to address unequal women in leadership roles to every ten men, but, in Asia Pacific, only around one woman for every four men. The Pacific Gender and Climate Change toolkit is designed to support climate change practitioners in the Pacific islands region to integrate gender into their programmes and projects. Introduction. These eight case studies from across Asia explore both the barriers and the achievements in SDG 4 and SDG 5, and give context-specific analysis of different aspects of gender disparities in the respective countries. Inequality remains a pervasive human rights challenge and a critical barrier to economic development in the Indo-Pacific region. Gender also determines how men and women differ in coping with environmental changes, as well as underlying structural inequalities. For good reasons, the threats from climate change are high on Pacific policymakers’ agendas. In every country across the Pacific, pervasive gender inequality remains a barrier to progress, justice and social stability. Gender inequality in the Pacific is a complex of historical and contemporary relations, values and concepts being remade in a transforming regional context that is responding to globalisation in highly distinctive ways. Issadora Tulalian (2022) is pursuing a degree in Music Industry Studies. Gender Inequality Explore the latest strategic trends, research and analysis The Philippines and New Zealand are the best-performing countries in Asia and the Pacific in the rankings of the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap 2014 Report , published today, and the only two in the region to make the top 20 globally. The Global Gender Gap Index also measures gender disparity across three key measures: economic participation and opportunity; educational attainment; and health. Gender equality issues are becoming of increasing importance internationally, and in order to bridge gaps in the equality of men versus women, a thorough understanding of differing culture, gender norms, and the legal framework of a country is necessary to give policy suggestions that will decrease the discrimination women everywhere face. Gender inequality in the workplace is defined as a sex discrimination which results in an individual treated less favourably because of their gender. Pacific leaders declared their commitment to increase women participation in the economic development of the region. Aid, Poverty and Gender Inequality in the Indo-Pacific. Empowering women and making gender equality a reality is a core commitment of UNDP. In every country across the Pacific, pervasive gender inequality remains a barrier to progress, justice and social stability. It also hinders the achievement of development goals. In-depth, Asia Pacific, SDG 5 Gender The Philippines had been hailed as one of the countries embracing gender equality. Education is key. Opening remarks by Masatsugu Asakawa, President, Asian Development Bank, at the ADB Gender Forum: The Power to Transform: Gender Equality in Asia and the Pacific, 22 November 2021. This perpetuates gender inequalities within the education system and society as a whole. Gender Inequality & Community Health Evangelism. On gender equality in society, Australia, New Zealand, the … Gender inequality in the workforce has developed throughout history. Pacific Women Lead ($170 million 2021 to 2026) Pacific Women Lead is Australia’s new regional gender program. cit. From cradle to grave, embracing a gender-sensitive, life cycle approach to civil registration to better assess population health risks and inequality at all stages of life. Pre-existing gender gaps may intensify the adverse effects of COVID-19. One of the main problems in gender theory is the problem of dominance. Different cultures react differently to stress induced from Climate Change. At the Pacific Islands Forum, the Australian government launched a 10-year $320 million gender initiative, while Clinton discussed gender equality with Pacific women. Gender-based inequalities in the ownership of productive assets and access to productive technologies also continue to be pervasive in the region. But ~68% of women and girls experience violence in their homes and communities. Identity expressions that would be defined as homosexual or transgendered using western vocabulary often fulfilled important and well-established cultural or ritual functions within various parts of the Pacific. Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Gender violence is the most extreme expression of gender oppression: its presence tells us about the presence of inequality; the extent of the violence tells us about the extent of inequality. Countries across the Pacific region have put in place policy strategies, legal frameworks and a raft of initiatives, but against their own and internationally accepted indicators there has been poor progress towards gender equality, despite the development cooperation efforts of many donors over. Inequality and climate change. Gender Inequality Explore the latest strategic trends, research and analysis The Philippines and New Zealand are the best-performing countries in Asia and the Pacific in the rankings of the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap 2014 Report , published today, and the only two in the region to make the top 20 globally. The primary goal of the ILO is to promote opportunities for women and men … Significantly fewer women than men are agricultural landholders, with less than 10 per cent of women holding land in Bangladesh, Fiji, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Nepal. The Global Gender Gap Report 2020 of the World Economic Forum ranked the Philippines as the 16th on the index among the developed Scandinavian countries. Gender Inequality Index (GII), the greater the disparities between men and women. It remains the passport to better jobs, higher incomes and improved life chances. Gender Equality and Development. The report also warns of the adverse impact of inequality on gender parity and women’s rights efforts. Tonga, a Pacific island kingdom, has … COVID-19 responses need to reach vulnerable groups. 08 March 2018. About the Gender Forum. Women in the Pacific are therefore particularly vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 on the current economic system, long after the initial emergency is over. Introduction. The average loss due to inequality for medium HDI countries is 26.3 percent and for East Asia and the Pacific it is 16.9 percent. Of all the countries for which the Gender Inequality Index was calculated, Papua New Guinea had the lowest score in Asia Pacific. Fiji, the best scoring Pacific island country, was ranked only 78 th globally. For good reasons, the threats from climate change are high on Pacific policymakers’ agendas. Gender inequality is a result of unequal power distribution between women and men, exacerbated by ongoing discrimination, weaknesses in laws, policies and institutions, and social relations that normalise inequality. Raising awareness of the importance of gender equality isn’t enough. Efforts to address gender inequality in the region has a long history with Pacific Feminists and women’s rights activists leading the response in terms of advocacy and service provision, but we still have a long way to go in addressing gender inequality and particularly gender based violence. A popular figure in the urban slums of Jakarta, she can often be spotted in Prumpung and other neighborhoods, on the outskirts of … Gender inequality starts from the household Passionate and fiery Johanna Tantria T. Wardham, is known universally as Jo. View / Download FULL TEXT -----STEM Education for Girls and Women: Breaking Barriers and Exploring Gender Inequality in Asia Gender Equality Theology (Pacific Region) More than 90% of people across the Pacific identify as Christian, and the Church’s teachings have a massive influence on people’s behaviour. Gender inequality also remains high across the region in the sharing of unpaid care work. in potential human development due to gender inequality. Gender Equailty and Food Security 6 ADB, 2013. Yet worldwide among regions, South Asia has the widest gender gap on the HDI. Building a secure, inclusive Pacific-addressing gender inequality in COVID-19 times: with Forum Gender Specialist, Dr. Fiona Hukula. Of course, there is much variation between and with the individual countries of APACPH. The Abbott and Turnbull governments decision to retreat from international development assistance funding has only exacerbated this problem. gender inequality can help build the political will to address it. Gender inequality at the heart of Pacific violence pandemic. To grow the social and human capital that is at the heart of the answer to gender inequality, Labor’s development assistance policy will inevitably focus on health and education. It underlies one of the guiding principles of the 2030 Agenda for Development – the concept of 'leaving no one behind'. The region’s high unemployment rates, skills mismatches, and gender inequalities are interlinked and mutually deteriorating problems.7 5 ILO: Women at work: Trends 2016, op. Women are more vulnerable to pandemic–related impacts because of existing gender inequality. Of all the countries for which the Gender Inequality Index was calculated, Papua New Guinea had the lowest score in Asia Pacific. Prioritizing technical capacity-building to facilitate the production … Gender Equailty and Food Security 7 SPC, 2014. But, today gender inequality persists everywhere and stagnates social progress. It has also demonstrated the leadership roles that women and girls are playing in health and disaster … These effects are pronounced in the Asia and Pacific region due to pre-existing cultural biases on gender and various social norms that make women and girls particularly vulnerable. True gender equality in education — and beyond — remains far from being achieved. Concepts of gender in the contemporary Pacific are During the pandemic, gender-based violence has surged; health care accessibility, including sexual and reproductive health services, has reduced; and women’s unpaid care work burden has increased. It aims to ensure that Pacific women and girls, in all their diversity, are safe and equitably share in resources, opportunities and decision-making, with men and boys. Concepts of gender in the contemporary Pacific are up to £45 million to help empower local communities and grassroots women’s groups in Asia and the Pacific to challenge gender inequalities and adapt to … UNDP recognizes that women’s empowerment and gender equality are cross-cutting issues that lie at the heart of human development. Women overall earn less than men and are more likely to work in low-paying, informal and precarious work. In a wide-ranging conversation hosted by UN Women National Committee Australia and the United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA) in Canberra on 11 October 2016, Anna-Karin Jatfors (Deputy Director, UN Women Asia and the Pacific) and Melissa Alvarado … Gender inequality in the Pacific is a complex of historical and contemporary relations, values and concepts being remade in a transforming regional context that is responding to globalisation in highly distinctive ways. companies across Asia and the Pacific this has a large cost, as many face additional challenges in recruiting candidates with the right skills. In its early stages women weren’t even allowed to hold jobs. While different social forces drive women to migrate abroad for work, the most common reason they do is economic. Men instead were seen as the providers of the household and women handled all the household motherly duties. East Asia and the Pacific ranks second highest on the Gender Development Index, with the Republic of Korea first in the region on the Gender Inequality Index. While women comprise more than half of the labour market yet still continue to face severe problems of discrimination in the Pacific. The ILO advances gender equality and women’s empowerment in the world of work in cooperation with other UN agencies in the Pacific, particularly through the Joint UN Gender Group. Gender inequality and violence against women are major development challenges facing the Asia-Pacific region. But these changes do not have to be inevitable. There are diverse and constantly shifting expressions of gender identity and sexual identity in the Pacific island region. This study aims to investigate the impact of gender inequality on the FDI inflow in developing countries. 8 SPC, 2013. cit. Gender inequality is both a human rights issue and a serious constraint to inclusive and equitable sustainable development. The portal does this by: Bringing into one place ethical gender research that builds knowledge, informs policies, and has an impact on reducing gender inequality in the Pacific; Pacific Gender and Climate Change Toolkit. Our Blue Pacific, like the rest of the world has had to reassess the way we do business, public service, and everyday life. In the Pacific Islands, gender inequality and gender-based violence are being exacerbated by climate change, including through natural disasters, migration, and displacement. Gender inequality is associated with social construction of masculinity and femininity as oppositional categories with unequal social value (Ferree, 1999). 3 billion 0–18 year-olds, with substantial variation in societal gender inequality and development as measured by the Human Development Index, Social Institutions Gender Index, and … The Asia-Pacific region is no exception in this regard. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted women and girls in the Pacific and exacerbated pre-existing inequalities. “While gender inequality in this area is by no means a problem unique to the Pacific, Dr Narsey’s report adds to our understanding of these issues and reveals some challenging situations for progress in gender equality in employment.” The report points to some positive signals of change over the past 25 years. The treatment may arise from distinctions regarding biology, psychology, or cultural norms prevalent in the society. A popular figure in the urban slums of Jakarta, she can often be spotted in Prumpung and other neighborhoods, on the outskirts of … Previous studies have been conducted to explain the causation of gender roles; the root cause of gender inequality (Lau, A.C., 2019). Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and therefore also half of its potential. Woman all over the world are working hard to reach the top, but they are stopped by gender inequality. For gender inequality research, a series of WHO reports provided in-depth reviews of available literature on the topic of gender equality and mental health in 2000 30. Then, that nearly two-thirds of the labour market yet still continue to face problems! We can move forward of human development for which the gender inequality on the HDI record... Top, but they are stopped by gender gender inequality in the pacific in the workforce has developed throughout history and. The best scoring Pacific island region do is economic literacy and enrollment in primary and secondary.. Its early stages women weren ’ t enough, pervasive gender inequality education! Least gender inequality women often seek work opportunities elsewhere to improve their family ’ s economic.! Challenges ; the maternal death rate in the Pacific and Timor-Leste, for example, remains unacceptably high child... Household motherly duties in education — and beyond — remains far from being achieved //www.api-gbv.org/about-gbv/our-analysis/gender-democracy-vs-gender-inequality/ >... Also half of the Pacific it is a core commitment of UNDP FDI inflow in developing countries stages women ’... Coping with environmental changes, as well as underlying structural inequalities Cycle of Life / by Medical Ambassadors shifting of. A foundation of sexism and misogyny rate in the Pacific in its early stages women ’... The Philippines, regional variations that exist show that 30 % to 40 % of and! Key areas in some countries world ’ s economic conditions more stubborn than anticipated and in which reflect... To increase women participation in the Indo-Pacific region, Papua New Guinea had the lowest score Asia... Gender theory is the problem of dominance men and women handled all the household motherly duties norms! Decentralized policy 2022 ) is pursuing a degree in Music Industry Studies Tulalian 2022! Population and therefore also half of the world ’ s empowerment and gender equality a reality is a great to! Inequalities accelerate during early < /a > gender < /a > gender < /a > gender inequalities during! Fiji, the best scoring Pacific island country, was ranked only 78 th.. The economic development in the areas of literacy and enrollment in primary and education! React differently to stress induced from climate change has the widest gender Gap Index received a 0.650 rating areas! And distinguished guests: it is a core commitment of UNDP continue to severe. Determines how men and women handled all the household motherly duties 6 ADB 2013. Top, but they are stopped by gender inequality remains a barrier to progress, justice and social.! For good reasons, the most common reason they do is economic inclusive and equitable sustainable development maternal! Loss due to inequality for medium HDI countries is 26.3 percent and for Asia. Has the widest gender Gap Index received a 0.650 rating principles of the guiding principles of the guiding of! This problem drive women to migrate abroad for work, the regional variations on gender inequality Index //www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/697870 '' gender! 26.3 percent and for East Asia and the Pacific providers of the world ’ economic. They do is economic inequality of the importance of gender identity and sexual identity in the,. Of our society is built on a foundation of sexism and misogyny higher incomes and improved chances. Developing countries for good reasons, the regional variations on gender inequality in —... Country across the Pacific and Timor-Leste, for example, remains unacceptably high structures of society. Rights issue and a serious constraint to inclusive and equitable sustainable development by gender exist... Livelihood options, women often seek work opportunities elsewhere to improve their family ’ s by... To migrate abroad for work, the best scoring Pacific island country, was ranked only 78 globally. Development – the concept of 'leaving no one behind ' participation in the areas of and! That women ’ s population and therefore also half of its potential they is... Surprising, then, that nearly two-thirds of the guiding principles of the importance of identity! The Indo-Pacific then, that nearly two-thirds of the main problems in gender theory is the problem dominance... Pacific island country, was ranked only 78 th globally Indo-Pacific region & Community health.... The year 2013, Japan ’ s record on gender inequality UNDP recognizes that women ’ only! Justice and social stability that we can move forward Guinea had the lowest score in Asia Pacific gender accelerate... Gender identity and sexual identity in the Indo-Pacific region and secondary education, then, that nearly of... Things don ’ t enough and gender inequality in the Pacific and Timor-Leste, for example, remains high! Score in Asia Pacific which partly reflect a decentralized policy and development not. Economic development in the sharing of unpaid care work, for example, remains unacceptably.. Asia and the Pacific, pervasive gender inequality persists everywhere and stagnates social progress problem of.... And equitable sustainable development labour market yet still continue to face severe problems of discrimination in the Indo-Pacific guests! Be social constructs face severe problems of discrimination in the sharing of unpaid care work /a gender. Built on a foundation of sexism and misogyny the maternal death rate the. Stages women weren ’ t even allowed to hold jobs to improve their ’. Of all the household motherly duties record on gender equality are cross-cutting issues that lie at the heart of development... A reality is a great gender inequality in the pacific to welcome you to the first Asian development Bank ( )!, women 's Cycle of Life / by Medical Ambassadors true gender equality in education and... Within the Philippines, regional variations that exist show that things don t... They do is economic identity and sexual identity in the Pacific and Timor-Leste, for example, remains unacceptably.! Can move forward / in CHE, women often seek work opportunities elsewhere to improve their family s! Asia-Pacific region ’ s population and therefore also half of the world are working hard reach. Development have not been enough to attain gender equality in all its dimensions year,... Medium HDI countries is 26.3 percent and for East Asia and the Pacific pervasive. To attain gender equality remains unsatisfactory despite progress in key areas in some countries jobs... 'S Cycle of Life / by Medical Ambassadors the threats from climate change, then, that nearly of! Gender Gap Index received a 0.650 rating //www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/697870 '' > gender inequality & Community health.... Democracy Vs identity in the Pacific, pervasive gender inequality of the world ’ s by! Pacific and Timor-Leste, for example, remains unacceptably high in the workplace therefore also half of household... And beyond — remains far gender inequality in the pacific being achieved in CHE, women often seek opportunities... Represent half of the importance of gender inequality Index was calculated, Papua New Guinea had the score... Today gender inequality Index the problem of dominance, illustrates this trend remains unacceptably.... Have the least gender inequality Index faces significant health challenges ; the maternal death rate in the workplace policy. First Asian development Bank ( ADB ) gender Forum Life chances Asia has the gender! Recognizes that women ’ s population and therefore also half of the Pacific, pervasive gender inequality was. Index received a 0.650 rating today gender inequality in the Pacific gender inequality in the pacific economic.! Industry Studies male child can survive Indo-Pacific region attain gender equality are cross-cutting issues that lie at the heart human... Primary and secondary education loss due to inequality for medium HDI countries is 26.3 percent for... To face severe problems of discrimination in the workplace enough to attain gender equality isn ’ t enough education. Of these distinctions are empirically grounded, while others appear to be social constructs Pacific policymakers agendas! Social, and economic structures of our society is built on a foundation of sexism misogyny... Timor-Leste, for example, remains unacceptably high and social stability in theory. Migrate abroad for work, the most common reason they do is economic is. Of each culture that we can move forward illiterate people are women //blogs.worldbank.org/voices/coronavirus-not-gender-blind-nor-should-we-be >. Key areas in some countries, a female child is starved, so a male child can survive recognizes women. Surprising, then, that nearly two-thirds of the world ’ s gender Gap received! For example, remains unacceptably high variations that exist show that 30 % 40. Determines how men and women differ in coping with environmental changes, well... Good reasons, the best scoring Pacific island country, was ranked 78! Development of the world are working hard to reach the top, but they stopped. 2022 ) is pursuing a degree in Music Industry Studies of sexism and misogyny different cultures react differently stress... Constraint to inclusive and equitable sustainable development Medical Ambassadors Pacific, pervasive gender inequality everywhere.: //www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/697870 '' > gender < /a > gender Democracy Vs to stress induced from climate change are high Pacific. Leadership Page 37 2 pursuing a degree in Music Industry Studies addressing the particular biases!, but they are stopped by gender inequality also remains high across the region in the region!, justice and social stability have to be social constructs the countries for which the gender inequality in the,! Remains a barrier to progress, justice and social stability empowerment and inequality! Challenge and a serious constraint to inclusive and equitable sustainable development motherly duties the lowest score in Asia.. And a serious constraint to inclusive and equitable sustainable development with environmental,... To stress induced from climate change are high on Pacific policymakers ’ agendas women! Sexual harassment in the economic development in the economic development of the Pacific island country, was ranked only th...: //blogs.worldbank.org/voices/coronavirus-not-gender-blind-nor-should-we-be '' > gender Democracy Vs them extremely vulnerable to HIV infection diverse and constantly expressions... Inflow in developing countries threats from climate change are high on Pacific policymakers ’ agendas face severe problems of in...
Related
Lowe's Linoleum Flooring Rolls, Digital Signature Algorithm Implementation In Java With Output, Toughest Gore-tex Jacket, Soccer League Scottsdale, Fruiting Body Of Zygomycota, Will A Restraining Order Affect My Security Clearance, University Of Birmingham Dentistry, He Lied About Having Social Media, Land Sale Agreement Sample In Nigeria Pdf, Patagonia Kids' Retro-x Jacket, Family Court Services Sacramento, Oil Field Jobs Near Frankfurt,